The British Pharmacopoeia lists diazepam as being very slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and freely soluble in chloroform. It is odorless, and has a slightly bitter taste. Physical propertiesĭiazepam occurs as solid white or yellow crystals and has a melting point of 131.5 to 134.5 ☌. Several plants, such as potato and wheat, contain trace amounts of naturally occurring diazepam and other benzodiazepines. It is also the first line of defense for a rare disorder called stiff-person syndrome. While psychiatrists continue to prescribe diazepam for the short-term relief of anxiety, neurology has taken the lead in prescribing diazepam for the palliative treatment of certain types of epilepsy and spastic activity, e.g., forms of paresis. Diazepam along with oxazepam, nitrazepam and temazepam represent 82% of the benzodiazepine market in Australia. ĭiazepam was the top-selling pharmaceutical in the United States from 1969 to 1982, with peak sales in 1978 of 2.3 billion pills.
The benzodiazepines are also far less dangerous death rarely results from diazepam overdose, except in cases where it is consumed with large amounts of other depressants (such as alcohol or other sedatives). The benzodiazepines gained popularity among medical professionals as an improvement upon barbiturates, which have a comparatively narrow therapeutic index, and are far more sedating at therapeutic doses. After this initial success, other pharmaceutical companies began to introduce other benzodiazepine derivatives. It is two and a half times more potent than its predecessor, chlordiazepoxide, which it quickly surpassed in terms of sales.
It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, skeletal muscle relaxant and amnestic properties. Prescription Only (S4) (AU) Schedule IV (CA) Schedule IV (US) Schedule IV (International)ĭiazepam ( IPA: /daɪˈæzɨpæm/), first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche) is a benzodiazepine derivative drug.
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